In Mahayana doctrine, the Buddha and other sacred beings take on god-like qualities. It developed in India during the first centuries of the Common Era and later set down roots in China, Korea, Japan, Mongolia, and Tibet. What kind of religious faith made him (and others) risk their lives? The Buddhism that spread to East Asia was called Mahayana (Great Vehicle). Xuanzang’s pilgrimage took sixteen years. Even if I die on the way, I won’t regret it.” 7 FIGURE 2: Bronze Buddhist Altar. I will not return to the East before I reach India. How can you, reverend teacher, try to go all alone?īut the Master replied: “I started on my journey to the West for the purpose of seeking the great Law. Even if you travel together with a large number of companions, you might go astray or be lost. Whoever encounters them cannot be spared from death. The road to the West is dangerous and one has to cross the desert where there are demons and hot wind. Before he started out, an experienced traveler warned him:
In 629 he set out alone for India to study, collect texts, and visit sacred sites. 5 The monk Xuanzang (circa 596–664) 6 was the most famous of these pilgrims. Fourth to fifth centuries.Ĭhinese Buddhists also began to make pilgrimages to India, in spite of hunger, thirst, bandits, wild animals, and some of the world’s most difficult desert and mountain terrain. 4 FIGURE 1: Colossal Buddha, Bamiyan, Afghanistan. The earliest evidence for Buddhism in China dates from 65 CE and, by the year 148, the first translator of Buddhist texts into Chinese was probably in residence at the capital of Luoyang. 3 From there it traveled to China, again along the Silk Road. Brought from India by missionaries and merchants, Buddhism was established in the oases of Central Asia by the first century BCE. The transmission of Buddhism from India to China (and from there to Korea and Japan) is perhaps the most significant of the cultural exchanges that took place along the Silk Road. Monuments such as the towering fifty-three-meter (175 feet) high Buddha at Bamiyan in Afghanistan (destroyed by the Taliban in 2001) and the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas in northwest China bear witness both to the importance of the Silk Road and to a once flourishing Central Asian Buddhist culture. From the second century BCE on, it was a major conduit for moving people, ideas, and goods. Winding through the deserts and high mountain passes of Central and Inner Asia, 2 the network of caravan routes collectively called the Silk Road linked China to the Middle East and Europe. The activities described below are aimed at bringing the visual arts into the high school global studies classroom. The volume will contain twenty-three units in five sections: Geography, Ethnic and Political History, Exchange of Goods and Ideas, Religions, and Art.
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Re-envisioning Asia: Contestations and Struggles in the Visual Artsĭownload PDF This article is adapted from curriculum material to be published in From Silk to Oil: Cross-Cultural Connections Along the Silk Road, a project of China Institute in America, funded by the US Department of Education.Distinguished Service to the Association for Asian Studies Award.Distinguished Contributions to Asian Studies Award.Striving for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Asian Studies: Humanities Grants for Asian Studies Scholars.Gosling-Lim Postdoctoral Fellowship in Southeast Asian Studies.Cultivating the Humanities & Social Sciences Initiative Grants.
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